Personal financial literacy among Indian postgraduate residents

BACKGROUND Postgraduate residents’ ability to understand and effectively manage their finances is variable. We conducted this study to assess the awareness of personal financial literacy among Indian residents. METHODS We circulated a web-based cross-sectional Google Forms multiple-choice questionnaire having questions in three categories including financial awareness, current financial status and plans among 400 Indian residents. RESULTS A total of 215 Indian residents (53.75%) responded to the survey (men 80.9%, unmarried 74.4% and pursuing broad specialties 83.3%). The majority were unaware of stocks, special student/doctor loans, tax planning, life insurance, professional indemnity and tax/financial planning. The majority opined that personal finance and investing should be taught at medical school/residency. A financial pyramid based on the hierarchy of needs is proposed. CONCLUSION Lack of financial literacy and planning was seen among the majority of Indian residents. Our study highlights this gap in the medical curriculum and the need for formal structured financial education during training.

Primary hyperparathyroidism in developing world: a systematic review on the changing clinical profile of the disease

ABSTRACT While the developed world is focusing on laying guidelines for selecting out cases of Asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) for surgical intervention and promoting minimal access surgery, the developing world is observing a change in disease spectrum from advanced symptomatic to lesser degree of symptomatic disease and not many with associated Vitamin D deficiency. Few studies from the developing countries of the world have focused on the changing clinical spectrum of PHPT. Objective of this study is to review the changing profile of PHPT in developing world. A systematic literature search was done in December 2017 focussing on publications from the developing world. All studies pertaining to the epidemiology of PHPT published after 1st January 2000 and published in English language were included for analysis. Most of the studies published from developing countries report a predominance of symptomatic disease (79.6% of all included patients) with musculoskeletal disease present in the majority of patients (52.9%). The combined mean serum total calcium (11.9 ± 1.4 mg/dL), serum PTH (668.6 ± 539 pg/mL), serum alkaline phoshpatase (619 ± 826.9 IU/L) and weight of excised parathyroid glands (4.4 ± 3.8 grams) are much higher than those reported from the western studies. Despite this, we found that there is a distinct trend towards a milder form of disease presentation and biochemical profile noticeable in more recent times. Although there is a striking difference in all aspects of PHPT disease epidemiology, clinical presentation and biochemical profile of developing and developed countries, there is a distinct trend towards a milder form of disease presentation and biochemical profile in more recent times.

Design and development of transdermal drug delivery system.

In the course of development of microspheres preparation techniques, the encapsulation of hydrophilic drugs with high entrapment efficiency has been a problem, as the commonly used technique like single emulsification technique and w/o/w double emulsification technique show low entrapment of the hydrophilic drugs. The problem is overcome by using by using w/o/o double emulsification technique, several modifications have been done in this technique one of most widely and effective technique in w/o/o double emulsification is the solvent diffusion technique. In this brief review comparison of w/o/o double emulsification technique with other methods and details about the w/o/o double emulsification technique and the drugs encapsulated using this technique will be discussed.

Nutraceutical: A Bright Scope and Oppourtunity of Indian Healthcare Market.

Nutraceutical is regarded as the bio active substance and the constituents are either of known therapeutic activity or are chemically defined substance generally accepted to contribute substantially to the therapeutic activity of the drug. Phytochemical screening involves botanical identification, extraction with suitable solvents, purification and characterization of the bioactive constituents of pharmaceutical importance. Quality control for the officially and safely of herbal product is essential .The quality control of photochemical may be defined as the status of a drug which is determined either by identity, purity, constant and other chemical physical biological properties or by manufacturing process .compound with synthetic drug The critical and approach for herbal drug are much more complex Nutraceutical, a portmanteau of the words “nutrition” and “pharmaceutical”, is a food or food product that reportedly provides health and medical benefits, including the prevention and treatment of disease. A product isolated or purified from foods that is generally sold in medicinal forms not usually associated with food. A nutraceutical is demonstrated to have a physiological benefit or provide protection against chronic disease.

Analgesic activity of ethanolic extract of roots of Prosopis cineraria (l.) Druce.

Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce is a deep rooted, nitrogen fixing, multipurpose tree endemic to the hot deserts of India. Its synonym is Prosopis spicigera. It belongs to the family Leguminosae and subfamily Mimosoideae. In view of its medicinal importance, the present research was focused on the analgesic properties of roots of P. cineraria by in vitro approach in rats. The analgesic activity of root of Prosopis cineraria was studied using hot-plate method and tail-immersion method in rats. Doses of the ethanolic extract of 200mg/kg & 300mg/kg, orally were selected for analgesic activity. The extract at all the doses used and the Diclofenac sodium significantly inhibited both the analgesic activity for hot plate and tail immersion method. The present study demonstrates the potential analgesic effect of ethanolic extracts of Prosopis cineraria roots. The dose of 200mg/kg b.w is very effective than 300mg/kg b.w in both above pharmacological models.